Islamic study

  *Childhood*

Hazrat Abu Talib raised the Holy Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ wanted to help his uncle, so he started working with him. He even used to look after sheep and goats. 

When he was 12 years old, he went on a business trip to Syria with his uncle Hazrat Abu Talib. He faced all the difficulties of travel with patience. 

During this trip, near a place called Busra, a Christian monk named *Nastura* met them. Monk Nastura saw the signs of prophethood in him. He warned Hazrat Abu Talib about him and told him to protect him.

 *The War of Fujar*

There was a war. It was called *Harb-e-Fujar*.

Every year, there was a big *fair*. Fair ko Urdu mein *میلہ* kehte hain. This fair was in *Shahr-e-Ukaz*. Ukaz is between Nakhlah and Taif. At this fair, different tribes used to recite lines of poetry *honoring* their elders. They wanted to show they were better than others. Sometimes they started to fight.

One big fight started between Quraish and Hawazin. This fight turned into a war. This war is called *Harb-e-Fujar*.

The word "Fujar" is the plural of "Fajr". "Fujar" means *evil*. This war happened in 4 holy months. Arabs must not fight in these months. But they did fight. So the war was called "Fujar" because it was evil.

The 4 holy months are: *ذو القعدة*, *ذو الحجة*, *محرم*, and *رجب*.

There were 4 wars like this. This was the last one.

In this war, the Holy Prophet ﷺ was about 14 or 15 years old. He helped his uncle. He gave him arrows, a bow, and a shield.

*Title of Al-Amin*

Even though people around him cheated, lied, and were dishonest, the Holy Prophet ﷺ stayed away from all these bad things. He was always different from them.

Because of his truth and honesty, the people of Makkah were very impressed with him. They gave him the title of *Al-Amin*, which means "the truthful" and "the honest".

People trusted him so much that they kept their valuable things in his care for safety.

As long as he was known as Muhammad bin Abdullah, the people of Makkah loved and respected him. But when he became Muhammad Rasulullah ﷺ, the same people became his enemies.

*Half al-Fudul*

Some time ago, three chiefs of *Banu Jarhum* made a pact. The word *Fazal* was common in all their names. That's why it is known in history as *Half al Fudul*.

After the death of *Abdul Muttalib*, there was disorder and injustice in Makkah.

The Holy Prophet ﷺ took help from other chiefs of Makkah. He started this pact again. He told all the Arabs to follow this pact and made sure everyone acted on it strictly.

The purpose of this pact was to protect people, bring peace in society, and help weak people.

This pact was made at the house of *Abdullah bin JadAan*.

 *Marriage of Holy Prophet with Khadijah (RA)*

The Holy Prophet ﷺ wanted to help his uncle Abu Talib. Because of family responsibilities, Hazrat Abu Talib often stayed worried.

Hazrat Khadijah (RA) was a rich widow in Makkah. She had been married two times before. Her last husband Abu Hala was very rich.

Hazrat Khadijah always needed honest and trustworthy people for her business. When she heard about the honesty of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, she sent a request to him. She asked him to take her goods to Syria for trade.

Maisarah saw the honesty of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. Maisarah told Hazrat Khadijah everything about the trip.

Hazrat Khadijah sent a marriage proposal to the Holy Prophet ﷺ through *Nafisa*.

The Holy Prophet ﷺ spoke to his uncle Hazrat Abu Talib about it. Hazrat Abu Talib also wanted the Holy Prophet ﷺ to marry into a noble and respectable family. So he accepted the proposal.

The marriage ceremony was done in the presence of the rich and noble people of Quraish.

At that time, the age of the Holy Prophet ﷺ was twenty-five years and the age of Hazrat Khadijah (RA) was forty years.

 *Placing of Hajr-e-Aswad in the Kaaba*

The walls of the *Kaaba* had become damaged because of rains and floods. The chiefs of *Quraish* made a plan to rebuild it.

When the walls were finished, a fight started among them. Everyone wanted the honor of placing the *Hajr-e-Aswad* back in its place. Swords were taken out of their covers. The work stopped for three days.

*Abu Umayyah bin Mughirah* gave a suggestion. He said, "Tomorrow morning, the person who enters the *Haram* first will be our judge. Everyone will have to accept his decision."

The next day, *the Holy Prophet ﷺ* entered first.

He spread his blessed cloak on the ground and placed the *Hajr-e-Aswad* on it. Then he told all the chiefs of *Quraish* to hold the cloak and lift it together to its place.

When they lifted it to the height of the wall, *the Holy Prophet ﷺ* picked up the *Hajr-e-Aswad* with his own hands and placed it in its place.

Because of this, a very big bloodshed was avoided.

At that time, the age of *the Holy Prophet ﷺ* was thirty-five years.

 *The Beginning of the Preaching of Islam*

The Holy Prophet ﷺ started his preaching slowly. He began to guide people with the light of Islam who were lost in the darkness.

For about three years, the Holy Prophet ﷺ preached in secret. This preaching was limited to his close relatives and friends.

He often taught Islam in the house of *Hazrat Arkam Makhzumi (RA)*.

In the short time a small group of Muslims was formed. *Hazrat Khadija (RA)*, *Hazrat Ali (RA)*, *Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)*, *Hazrat Zaid (RA)* accepted Islam first.

Among women, the first woman to accept Islam was *Hazrat Khadijah (RA)*. Among free men, the first free man to accept Islam was *Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)*. Among children, the first child to accept Islam was *Hazrat Ali (RA)*. And among slaves, the first slave to accept Islam was *Hazrat Zaid bin Harithah (RA)*.

Through the efforts of *Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)* many other companions also accepted Islam.

*In the Third Year of Revelation, the Command to Preach Was Given Openly*

According to Arab custom, the Holy Prophet ﷺ went to *Mount Safa*. He called the people there.

After that, the Holy Prophet ﷺ said, "If I tell you that an enemy army is going to attack you from behind this mountain, will you believe me?"

Everyone said together, "Yes, because you are *Al-Sadiq* and *Al-Amin*", the people said this because the Holy Prophet ﷺ had never lied.

After hearing these words, the Holy Prophet ﷺ said to them, "Listen well. A severe punishment is coming for you. There is only one way to escape it. Believe in the One God of this world. Accept faith. Accept faith. Otherwise, these lifeless stone idols carved by your own hands will not be able to save you in any situation. And listen carefully, I am the Messenger of Allah sent by Him."

As soon as they heard this, some people made fun of him, some expressed anger, and some people got upset and left.

*Abu Lahab*, who was the uncle of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, even said to this extent, "May you be ruined. Did you call us here for this?"

After this, all the people left from there and left the Holy Prophet ﷺ completely alone.

[4/29, 1:23 AM] Haider Friend: *What is the reason behind the name "Hilful Fudhul"?*

There are two possible explanations given by historians:

*Statement 1: Names of individuals involved*

Some historians believe that the name "Hilful Fudhul" comes from the fact that many of the people who were part of this pact had names that included the word "Fadl", which means "virtue" or "excellence". For example, individuals like Fadl ibn al-Harith and Fadl ibn Wadi were part of it. This led to the pact being named "Hilful Fudhul".

*Statement 2: Virtuous character of the alliance*

Others think the pact got this name because it was about people coming together to help each other and fight for justice. It was a good and noble thing they did, so they called it "Hilful Fudhul". 😊

[4/29, 1:23 AM] Haider Friend: *What is the name of the event when the Black Stone was placed, and what was the Prophet's age at that time?*

- The event is known as the "Reconstruction of the Kaaba" or "The Incident of the Black Stone".

- The Prophet Muhammad's age at that time was 35 years old. 😊

[4/29, 1:23 AM] Haider Friend: *When did the Reconstruction of the Kaaba and the Incident of the Black Stone take place?*

*605 AD*

[4/29, 1:23 AM] Haider Friend: *Question:* Describe the complete incident of the *first revelation (Wahi)* with details.

[4/29, 1:23 AM] Haider Friend: *1. The Incident in the Cave of Hira*

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was meditating in the Cave of Hira, Mecca, when Angel Gabriel appeared, saying "Iqra" (Read). Muhammad (PBUH) replied, "I am not a reader." Gabriel hugged him tightly three times, then recited the first five verses of Surah Al-Alaq (96:1-5).

*2. Return Home and Comforting by Hazrat Khadija (RA)*

Muhammad (PBUH) returned home, trembling. He asked Khadijah (RA), *"Zammiluni, Zammiluni!"* (Wrap me up/Cover me!). She covered him and asked what happened. He shared his fear. Khadijah (RA) reassured him, "Allah will never humiliate (رسوا نہ کرے گا) you. You're good, kind, and helpful for others."

*3. The Event of Waraqa bin Naufal*

Hazrat Khadijah (RA) took Muhammad (PBUH) to Waraqa bin Naufal. Waraqa asked what happened. Muhammad (PBUH) shared the experience. Waraqa said, "This is the same angel who came to previous prophets."

*Waraqa bin Naufal*

Waraqa bin Naufal, a Christian scholar, promised to support Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) if he was alive when people opposed him. He recognized the angel as Gabriel and said Muhammad (PBUH) would face trouble. Waraqa said, "If I'm alive then, I'll support you strongly." But he died soon after.

*First Migration of Muslims to Abyssinia*

When the disbelievers of Makkah saw that Islam was spreading, they became angry. They started hurting Muslims very badly. 

*Muslims faced great cruelty, but they did not leave their faith. They wanted to make Allah and His Messenger happy, so they stayed strong in Islam and kept following the truth.* Many Muslims faced all this pain with patience because they loved Islam deeply.

In these conditions, the Holy Prophet ﷺ advised the Muslims to migrate toward *Abyssinia*. The ruler there, *Najashi*, was a righteous and fair-minded ruler.

A small caravan of Muslims, which included *11 men and 4 women*, left for Abyssinia. Among them were *Hazrat Usman (RA)* and his wife *Hazrat Ruqayyah (RA)*, *Hazrat Jafar bin Abi Talib (RA)*, *Hazrat Abdur Rahman bin Awf (RA)*, and *Hazrat Zubair bin al-Awwam (RA)*.

*Najashi* treated the Muslims with kindness and sympathy. The disbelievers of Makkah sent *Abdullah bin Abi Rabiah* and *Amr bin al-Aas* to Najashi with gifts, so that he would send the Muslims away from his land.

*Najashi* asked the Muslims to come. *Hazrat Jafar bin Abi Talib (RA)* gave such an impressive speech that Najashi returned the gifts and sent the men of Quraish back. The Muslims began living in peace in Abyssinia.

Later, a rumor spread that the people of Makkah had accepted Islam. Hearing this, these Muslims returned from Abyssinia to Makkah. But the reality was the opposite.

 *Second Migration to Abyssinia*

The Quraish became very angry because the Muslims were treated well in Abyssinia. So they started giving trouble to the Muslims. Life became very difficult for the Muslims.

Because of this, the Muslims were forced to migrate again. This time, 83 men and 18 women were in their group. The Quraish created many problems on their way too. They gave them all kinds of difficulties.

But the Muslims traveled secretly and reached Abyssinia. And the Muslims stayed there until the Migration to Madinah.

 *Social Boycott of Banu Hashim*

When the Quraish saw that the number of Muslims was increasing day by day, they tried many methods to stop this situation but they failed. 

Finally, the leaders of the Quraish got together and made a written agreement. They decided to completely boycott Banu Hashim socially. This means they ended all types of relations with them.

This agreement was hung in the Kaaba. Except for Abu Lahab, all the people of Banu Hashim went to one valley. They went to a valley. This valley later became famous as _Shi’b Abi Talib_.

These people spent very hard days there. Finally, the Quraish themselves ended the agreement. And Banu Hashim returned to their homes. This event happened in the 10th year of Prophethood.

 *Year of Sorrow* (غم کا سال)

After returning from _Shi’b Abi Talib_, *two supporters* of the Holy Prophet ﷺ passed away. They had stayed with the Prophet ﷺ until the last moment of their lives.

*Hazrat Abu Talib* died at the age of *81*. *Hazrat Khadijah* رضي الله عنها died at the age of about *65*.

This year became famous in history as the Year of Sorrow, or _Aam-ul-Huzn_.

The death of these *two supporters* made the Holy Prophet ﷺ very sad.

 *Journey to Taif*

The people of Mecca did not listen and kept opposing the Holy Prophet ﷺ. So the Prophet ﷺ went to Taif. Taif is *112 kilometers* from Mecca. Taif is famous for green trees and gardens.

In Taif, he met the sons of the leader *Umar bin Umair*. The Prophet ﷺ met *Abd Yalil*, *Masood*, and *Habib*. The Prophet ﷺ told them about Islam. But they were very rude to him. In Arab culture, guests are treated with respect. But they did not respect him as a guest. They spoke badly to him and laughed at him.

After that, they sent some bad boys to follow the Prophet ﷺ. The boys threw stones at him. The Prophet ﷺ was badly hurt and started bleeding. But even after this, he did not ask Allah to punish them.

 *Journey of Miraj* (معراج کا سفر)

At that time, the age of the Prophet ﷺ was *51 years, 8 months, and 20 days*. This great event took place in the *12th year* of Prophethood. This event is mentioned in both the Quran and Hadith.

 *First Pledge of Aqabah* 

When the people of Mecca and Taif rejected the Holy Prophet ﷺ, Allah opened a new way. This new way was Madinah. 

People from Madinah used to come to Mecca every year for Tawaf of the Kaaba. The Prophet ﷺ met them. There were two big tribes in Madinah: *Aws* and *Khazraj*. 

First, *6 men* from the Khazraj tribe accepted Islam. The next year, *12 men* came to the mountain of Aqabah. There they promised to leave their idols made of stone and believe in only One *Allah* (وہاں انہوں نے پتھر کے بتوں کو چھوڑ کر ایک اللہ پر ایمان لانے کا وعدہ کیا). This event is famous in history as the *Pledge of Aqabah*. 

At that time, the people of Madinah took a senior Sahabi *Musaab bin Umair* with them to learn Islamic teachings. They also left one of their companions with the Prophet ﷺ. That companion was *Hazrat Zakwan bin Abd Qais (رضي الله تعالى عنه)*. That companion did Hijrah with the Prophet ﷺ. Because of this, he is remembered as an *Ansari Muhajir*.

 *Second Pledge of Aqabah* 

Next year, in *622 CE* corresponding to *13 Nabawi*, *73 men and 2 women* from Madinah, a total of *75 people*, came to Mecca. 

They met the Holy Prophet ﷺ at the mountain of *Aqabah*. There they *pledged allegiance* (بیعت کی) to him and invited him to come to Madinah. This event is called the *Second Pledge of Aqabah*.

 *Importance of Hijra* 

*In the 13th year of Prophethood, 622 CE*, the Holy Prophet ﷺ *said farewell to his hometown (اپنے آبائی شہر کو الوداع کہا)*. He *cast a last look at Mecca (مکہ پر آخری نظر ڈالی) and left for Madinah Munawwarah*. 

As long as he lived in Mecca as Muhammad bin Abdullah, people respected him. *But when he became the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, storms surrounded him from all sides*. *The people of Mecca who used to praise him became his worst enemies (مکہ کے وہ لوگ جو آپ کی تعریف کرتے تھے آپ کے بدترین دشمن بن گئے)*. 

After Hijrah, a great change came into his life. In Mecca he was *mistreated*. In Madinah he got power. In Mecca his life was full of sorrows. Here in Madinah his life was full of happiness. In Mecca he was politically weak. Here in Madinah he got political strength. 

*In Madinah, Islam got a golden chance to grow and spread*. The small state of Madinah finally became so strong that it gained political leadership over all of Arabia. *In the end, it even defeated the grand empires of Persia and Rome*. 

*The credit for all this great success goes to Madinah. In fact, the Prophet ﷺ chose this city for himself and gave it the highest status in the Islamic world forever.*

*Reasons for Hijrah to Madinah*

*1. Plan to Kill the Holy Prophet ﷺ*  

In Madinah, Islam was progressing fast. On the other side, the Quraish wanted to finish Islam at any cost. So they made a plan to kill the Holy Prophet ﷺ. This plan was made with the agreement of all tribes so that the killer could not be identified and no one could take revenge.

*2. Defensive Importance of Madinah*  

Madinah had great importance for defence. There are mountain ranges on three sides of it. All trade routes also passed through Madinah. This area was also very important for farming. That is why it played a key role in the successes of Muslims.

*3. Experience of Hijrah*  

Muslims had already migrated to Abyssinia two times. They became much stronger because of that Hijrah. They could freely follow Islamic teachings there. Compared to Abyssinia, Madinah was much better for Muslims because a Christian ruler ruled Abyssinia. But in Madinah, there were people who loved Muslims and were ready to sacrifice their lives for them.

*4. Revenge Actions of Quraish of Makkah*  

Most people in Makkah were idol worshippers. Believing in One God was hard for them. They were used to worshipping idols because they got idol worship from their forefathers. So when the Holy Prophet ﷺ invited them to Islam, they turned against him and created many problems in his way. They started torturing Muslims. They made life in Makkah very hard for them. In this situation, Hijrah became necessary.

*5. People of Madinah Accepting Islam and It Being a Safe Place*  

After the Pledge of Aqabah, most people of Madinah had accepted Islam. The preaching of Islam was happening very fast in Madinah and Islam was growing fully there. The number of Muslims was increasing day by day. Madinah was also a safe place for Muslims. In these conditions, the Holy Prophet ﷺ became fully sure that Madinah could become the center of Islam. So, with the command of Allah, he decided to migrate to Madinah.

 *Results and Effects of Hijrah*

*1. Islamic Society*  

When the Holy Prophet ﷺ came to Madinah, the people welcomed him with great love and excitement. By taking different steps, he built an ideal Islamic society in Madinah. Its base was on brotherhood and justice. This had an effect on others too, and people started accepting Islam in large numbers.

*2. Identity of Muslims*  

In Makkah, Muslims had no identity. All kinds of cruelty were done to them. Muslims had to migrate again and again. But in Madinah, Muslims got their own identity and they started rising as a new power among Arabs. This also affected others, and they accepted the status and identity of Muslims.

*3. Madinah Became the Center of Islam*  

Madinah became a very big center of Islam. Muslims could freely deliver the message of Allah to every home. Preaching groups started going in all directions. The nearby tribes also accepted Islam. This kept growing day by day, and the number of Muslims kept increasing. Muslims became stronger and stronger. Now Muslims were not a weak group, but they were accepted as a powerful group.

*4. Muslims and Politics*  

When Muslims settled in Madinah, their political life also started. Through Madinah, the base of an organized state was also laid. Madinah was made strong politically. That is why this small state became a great empire of the world in just 30 years.

*5. Establishment of the First Free Muslim State*  

After Hijrah, by taking different steps, the Holy Prophet ﷺ laid the foundation of the first free Muslim state in Madinah. Here Muslims could live their lives freely according to Islamic teachings. The time of helplessness and restrictions was over. Muslims could now shape their lives in the mold of Islam without any fear. That is why the effect of Islam started showing in the lives of the Muslim population of Madinah, and Islamic teachings were adopted in every field of life.

*6. Muwakhat – Islamic Brotherhood*  

Islamic brotherhood is such a great and unique example of love, friendship, and care in the Islamic world that no other nation in the world can present. The Holy Prophet ﷺ joined the Muhajireen of Makkah and the Ansar of Madinah in bonds of love and friendship so strongly that they became like a solid wall of lead. No storm of the world could break them apart. The Ansar of Madinah sacrificed everything for the Muhajireen of Makkah. They divided their household items, properties, cash, lands, gardens, and houses into half and gave them to the Muhajireen, so they would not feel the pain of leaving their homes. In reality, the Muhajireen got so much love and care here that they could not even imagine.

*Main Points of Madina Charter*

*Point 1*  

All those who sign this agreement will be considered one nation. Meaning, the members of this agreement will be called one nation. They will have one identity. They will become one group.

*Point 2*  

If any one of them is attacked, then it will be the duty of the others to fight the attacker together.

*Point 3*  

No individual of Madinah will have the right to make secret agreements with the Quraish, or give them shelter, or help them against Muslims.

*Point 4*  

All people living in Madinah will have religious freedom. No one will have the right to interfere in anyone’s religion. Every person will live freely according to his religion.

*Point 5*  

The responsibility for small and personal crimes will be on the individual. The personal crime of any person will not be put on his nation or tribe. The punishment for that crime will be given only to the person who committed the crime.

*Point 6*  

The oppressed *(مظلوم)* will be helped in every situation and will also be supported.

*Point 7*  

After this agreement, bloodshed *(خون خرابہ)* and killing will be forbidden in Madinah.

*Point 8*  

The Holy Prophet ﷺ will be the head of Madinah. The final right to hear appeals will be with him. His decision will be final. Everyone will have to accept it.

[4/29, 1:24 AM] Haider Friend: *Reasons Behind the Battle of Badr*

*1. The Battle of Badr happened in the second year of Hijrah*  

After Hijrah, Muslims got peace and comfort in Madinah. Islam was spreading fast in Madinah. The Quraish now realized that the people of Madinah would definitely attack them one day. They felt that the progress of Islam was a very big danger for them. So they started large scale war preparations to attack Madinah. When the Holy Prophet ﷺ got news of these preparations, he started sending small groups around Madinah to find out about the activities of the people of Makkah. Many times, he himself also joined these groups.

*2. The Incident of Nakhlah*  

This incident happened in *624 CE*. The Holy Prophet ﷺ sent *Abdullah ibn Jahsh* with twelve men and also gave him a sealed letter. He also instructed him to open the letter after two days of travel and act on the instructions written in it. When *Abdullah ibn Jahsh* opened the letter, it was written in it to stay at the place of Nakhlah, find out the conditions of the Quraish, and send the news to him. By chance, a caravan of Quraish was passing from there. Both groups faced each other. *Hazrat Waqid bin Abdullah Al-Tamimi* shot an arrow. *Amr bin Hazrami was killed*. Then Abdullah ibn Jahsh, taking the war booty *(مالِ غنیمت)*, came to the Holy Prophet ﷺ. The Holy Prophet ﷺ expressed his displeasure about this incident. The killing became the reason for the Battle of Badr. Taking revenge for blood was a tradition of Arabs.

*3. Abu Sufyan's Caravan*  

Abu Sufyan's caravan was returning from Syria. A rumor was spread that Muslims were going to launch a massive attack on Abu Sufyan's caravan. Abu Sufyan asked Makkah for help. Abu Jahl along with other people of Makkah set out to attack the Muslims. On the other side, Abu Sufyan took a different route and reached Makkah safely. He sent a message towards Makkah saying: "I have reached safely, you should return." The tribes of *Bani Zahra* and *Bani Adi* went back. But Abu Jahl insisted on attacking the Muslims and continued his march.

*Preparations and Events of the Battle of Badr*  

The Holy Prophet ﷺ gathered the Muslims and informed them about the complete situation. *The Holy Prophet ﷺ took a promise from them to follow his orders in every situation*. The Ansar also stood up and said that they would support him in every situation. They said, *"We are not among those who abandon you."*  

_اردو تشریح: ہم آپ ﷺ کو چھوڑ کر بھاگنے والوں میں سے نہیں ہیں۔_ 

From the Muslims' side, *77 Muhajireen* and *236 Ansar* joined. In this way their number became *313*. They had *170 camels*, *2 horses*, *8 swords* and *6 armors*. 

At the time of Isha, the Islamic army reached the place of Badr and camped around a well. The Holy Prophet ﷺ prayed to Allah and said: *"O Allah, grant them success up to Your name. If this small group is destroyed, there will be no one left in this world to take Your name."*  

_(اردو ترجمہ: اے اللہ، اپنے نام کی سربلندی کے لیے انہیں کامیابی عطا فرما۔ اگر یہ چھوٹا سا گروہ ہلاک ہو گیا تو دنیا میں تیرا نام لینے والا کوئی باقی نہ رہے گا۔)_

On the other side, Abu Jahl brought the chief of every tribe with him. Around *950* fighters joined the war. They had every kind of war weapon, swords and bows. They set out with great pride, with *1700 camels* and *100 horses*. Singing women were reciting war songs while playing drums and flutes were also present with them. 

On *17 Ramadan, 2 Hijri, Friday morning*, both sides arranged their _ranks_. From the Muslims side, *Hazrat Hamza (RA)*, *Hazrat Ali (RA)*, and *Hazrat Ubaidah bin Haris (RA)* came forward for _combat_. While on the other hand from the Quraish side, *Utbah*, *Shaibah*, and *Waleed* came forward to fight with them. *Hazrat Hamza (RA)* and *Hazrat Ali (RA) & Hazrat Ubaidah bin Haris (RA)*, the lions of Islam, sent all three to hell. After this, the battle started. *Hazrat Muawwaz (RA)* and *Hazrat Ma'az (RA)* killed Abu Jahl. *"Allah granted the Muslims a great victory"*.

 *Results of Battle of Badr*  

In this battle, *70* men from the Quraish were killed and *70* were taken as prisoners. From the Muslim side, *6* and *8*, a total of *14*, were martyred _(شہید)_.

After the battle ended, the Muslims buried their martyrs. Then they went back to *Madinah* with the prisoners. The Holy Prophet ﷺ told everyone to be kind to the prisoners. Some prisoners gave money and were set free. Those who had no money were also set free without anything ... ... ... ...

*Importance of Battle of Badr*  

The importance of this battle can be judged from the fact that it is mentioned in the *Quran-e-Majeed*. In this connection, *Surah Anfal* was revealed, in which Allah promised help through angels and gave *glad tidings of victory* _(خوشخبری فتح کی)_ to the Muslims. This is the reason why the participants in this battle were declared as *Jannati* (people of Paradise). According to history, in reality this was the first step in the progress of *Islam*. 

The Muslims, who were fed up with the cruelties of *Quraish-e-Makkah* and had left their homes and migrated to *Madinah*, now emerged before the world as a new power after this battle. In this battle, Allah made the *faith of the Muslims* visible in the form of victory. It defeated and killed the great chiefs of *Quraish-e-Makkah* and revealed the *Power of One Allah*. 

This battle not only holds a great position in *Islam* but also has a high status in *world history*. *The revolution that started with this battle, within a few years, brought the lands and great empires of the world under its fold and raised the flag of Islam there* _(اس جنگ سے جس انقلاب کا آغاز ہوا اس نے چند سالوں میں دنیا کی زمین اور بڑی بڑی سلطنتوں کو اپنی لپیٹ میں لے کر وہاں اسلام کا جھنڈا بلند کیا)_. *Truth came and falsehood ran away* _(حق آیا اور باطل بھاگ گیا)_

*Reasons behind the Battle of Uhud*

The Battle of Uhud took place in *third* Hijra.

The Arabs were filled with the spirit of revenge. *Seventy leaders* of Quraish-e-Makkah were killed in the Battle of Badr. Every family and tribe was burning in the fire of revenge.

Abu Sufyan had taken an oath _(قسم)_ that he would not take a bath or put oil in his hair until he took revenge from the Muslims. So they prepared to fight the Muslims. War preparations started on a large scale.

This time the army of Quraish-e-Makkah at Uhud was *three thousand*. They had *seven hundred* suits of armor, *three thousand* camels, *two hundred* horses, and *fifteen* women with them. They camped near the hill of Uhud, close to Medina. The uncle of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), *Hazrat Abbas* (RA), who was in Mecca, kept sending him updates about the situation.

When Holy Prophet (PBUH) came to know about the situation, he took advice from his companions. One opinion was to stay in Medina and fight the enemy there. Abdullah bin Ubayy also gave the same advice. But the young men (نوجوان صحابہ) insisted that the battle should be fought in an open field. The Prophet (PBUH) decided to follow the majority's wish because he did not want to disappoint them. *Then the Holy Prophet (PBUH) decided to go to Uhud and set out towards Uhud with an army of one thousand.*

*On the way, Abdullah bin Ubayy broke away with three hundred men.* *Now only seven hundred Muslims were left. Among them, fifty were horsemen and the rest were on foot.* The flag of the Muslims was with *Hazrat Musab bin Umair* (RA).

Near Uhud, the Prophet (PBUH) arranged his army. Mount Uhud was behind them. There was a pass in the mountain that was dangerous for the Muslims. The Prophet (PBUH) placed *fifty archers* (پچاس تیرانداز) at this pass under the command of *Hazrat Abdullah bin Jubair* (RA). *The Holy Prophet (PBUH) ordered them not to leave the pass under any circumstances.*

: When the battle started the Muslims were winning the battle. In the beginning, the situation looked like the Muslims would win this war. But the _fifty archers_ whom the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had *placed at the mountain pass* disobeyed his order. Because of this, the Muslims had to face defeat. *Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed (RA)*, who had not yet accepted Islam at that time, attacked from that pass and the victory of the Muslims turned into defeat.

The biggest lesson that the Muslims learned from this was that Muslims must obey Allah and His Messenger (PBUH) in every situation and in every matter of life. Because the fifty archers who were placed at the mountain pass disobeyed the order of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), the Muslims had to face defeat instead of victory. *Therefore, Muslims learned the lesson that their honour in this world and after this world is only in the obedience of Allah and His Messenger (PBUH).*

 *Results of Battle of Uhud*

In this battle, *seventy Muslims were martyred*, among whom *Hazrat Hamza (RA)* was also included. In this battle, *the blessed tooth of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was martyred*. In this battle, *twenty-two disbelievers were killed*.

At the start of this battle, the Muslims achieved victory, but because of the mistake of the archers who left their positions, the Muslims' victory turned into defeat.

 *Battle of Ahzab / Battle of Ditch*

The battle of Ditch took place in *5-hijra*.   

This battle is known by the *two names* in history.

*1. Battle of Ahzab*  

Ahzab means *"groups"*. In this battle, many groups of disbelievers joined together against the Muslims, therefore this battle is called: the "*Battle of Ahzab*".

*2. Battle of Ditch (خندق)*  

In this battle, on the suggestion of *Hazrat Salman Farsi (RA)*, a ditch was dug around Madinah. Therefore, this battle is also famous in history as the: "*Battle of Ditch*".

 *Event of the Battle of Ditch*

The ditch was dug around Medina *to confront (سامنا کرنا)* the enemy. *Three thousand Muslims were participated including the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) in digging the ditch*. It was completed in approximately *twenty days*.

In this battle, the groups of Ahzab joined together and prepared for war against the Muslims and planned to attack Medina. This army of Quraish-e-Makkah and Jews, whose number is mentioned in history as in between *ten thousand to twenty-four thousand*, attacked Medina. They continued the *siege* (محاصرہ) for about one month. 

After that, help came for the Muslims from Allah. The help was in the form of a severe storm and a violent wind which uprooted all the tents. Those tents which the army had set up around Medina were destroyed by Allah. Chaos spread among them. All the leaders decided to *retreat* (پیچھے ہٹنا / بھاگ جانا), and among them was Abu Sufyan as well. *The unsuccessful army of Quraish-e-Makkah departed back towards Mecca* *("ناکام لشکر مکہ کی طرف واپس روانہ ہو گیا")* and the Muslims were saved from the great loss and damage. Allah protected the Muslims.

*Results of the Battle of Ditch*  

In this battle, _*six Muslims were martyred*_ and _*three men of the enemy were killed*_. Due to this battle, the morale of the Quraish-e-Makkah and Jews was totally broken and they did not dare to launch such an attack again. The Jewish tribe _*Banu Qurayza*_ was completely eliminated from Medina. *The settlement of Medina was now free from Jews, and the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) peacefully resumed the preaching of Islam.* *(مدینہ کی بستی اب یہودیوں سے خالی ہو چکی تھی اور نبی کریم ﷺ نے اطمینان کے ساتھ تبلیغِ اسلام کا پھر آغاز کیا۔)*